Vagrant, RBENV, Rails 4 and PostgreSQL headaches

Forewarning: This post is more of a rambling and future reference to myself. I've been working on a project in Ruby on Rails for a little while and a few days ago I made the mistake of upgrading to OS X Mavericks with the thoughts "What's the worst that could happen?" running through my mind. Well for some reason the PG gem really doesn't like my computer anymore. Long story short I decided that I would fire up a Ubuntu development environment on Vagrant and well, it has been a difficult ride. To keep it short. First time around I had many issues.